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Colorectal Cancer Screening

Colorectal cancer is on the rise among younger people. While the risk is still low — it affects less than 1% of younger adults — it is a leading cause of cancer death for men and women ages 20 to 49, according to the American Cancer Society. And younger adults are more likely to be diagnosed with cancer that has already spread to other parts of the body.

When cancer is detected early, it is often easier to treat. That is why it is crucial to know the early signs of colorectal cancer — and when to start screening.

Recognize the signs

The early signs of colorectal cancer can be hard to recognize. That is because they may be caused by other conditions. Tell your doctor if you have:

  • A change in bowel habits that lasts for more than a few days. This includes diarrhea or constipation.
  • Rectal bleeding with bright red blood.
  • Blood in the stool. This might make the stool look dark brown or black.
  • A feeling like you need to have a bowel movement that is not relieved by having one.
  • Cramping or abdominal pain.
  • Weakness or fatigue.
  • Weight loss when you have not tried to lose weight.

These symptoms do not mean you have cancer. But it is important to get checked out.

Colorectal cancer does not always cause symptoms in the early stages. That is where cancer screenings come in. They help find cancer even when there are no symptoms yet.

Screenings save lives

Screenings find signs of colorectal cancer early when treatment may be more successful. And they can even help prevent it.

How? Screenings can find polyps, growths that could turn into cancer. Those polyps can also be removed during a colonoscopy — stopping colorectal cancer before it gets started. There are many options for colorectal cancer screening. Ask your doctor which is best for you.

According to the American Cancer Society, people at average risk should be screened for colorectal cancer starting at age 45. If you are at a higher risk, your doctor may recommend being screened sooner or more often. Ask your doctor about your risk and when to get screened. To help start the conversation, explore our interactive assessment.

Colonoscopy

A colonoscopy is one of the only tests that can both find and prevent cancer.

During the test, a narrow, flexible tube with a light and camera is guided through your colon. You will be sedated during the procedure. Small instruments can be passed through the scope to biopsy or remove any suspicious lesions.

Advantages of a colonoscopy include:

  • Polyps can be removed before they turn cancerous.
  • Does not have to be done every year. Possible early detection of other diseases.

Disadvantages include:

  • A total bowel prep is needed.
  • Sedation is needed.
  • You will likely miss a day of work.
  • It costs more than other tests, but most insurances cover this procedure.
  • There is a small risk of bleeding or bowel tears.

Colonoscopy prep

Preparing adequately for your colonoscopy is essential to its success. Your health care provider can help you identify the right bowel prep for you.

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